5 Most Common Types of Collision Repairs

April 13, 2025

Car collisions happen more often than you might think, with around 2 million crashes every year in the U.S. Even minor damage can hide serious problems that affect your car's safety and performance. Here are the five most common types of collision repairs to get your vehicle back in shape:

  1. Bumper Repairs and Replacement
    Fixes surface scratches, dents, or replaces bumpers when safety components are damaged.
  2. Dent Repair
    Includes Paintless Dent Repair (PDR) for minor dents and traditional methods for severe damage.
  3. Frame and Structure Repairs
    Restores the car's structural integrity and alignment after significant impacts.
  4. Paint and Body Work
    Repairs scratches, chips, and faded paint while protecting against rust and weather damage.
  5. Auto Glass Services
    Replaces or repairs windshields and windows, ensuring safety features like ADAS systems work properly.

Quick Tip: Always have your car inspected by a professional after a collision. Even small damage can compromise safety systems like airbags or sensors.

Collision Repair Process Start to Finish

1. Bumper Repairs and Replacement

Modern bumpers are designed to absorb low-speed impacts (up to 5 mph) and minimize damage to the rest of the vehicle. Made from tough plastics with steel or aluminum reinforcements, they often include built-in safety features that require precise handling during repairs.

Common Bumper Damage Types

Bumper damage typically falls into three categories:

  • Surface Damage: This includes scratches, scuffs, and minor dents that don't affect the bumper's structural strength.
  • Moderate Damage: Deeper dents, cracks, or issues with mounting points that could impact performance.
  • Severe Damage: Damage that compromises the structure or interferes with safety systems, often requiring a full replacement.

Repair vs. Replacement: How to Decide

Minor surface issues can usually be repaired. However, damage that affects the bumper’s structural components or safety systems often requires complete replacement.

  • Surface Scratches
    • Typical Cost Range: $75 - $300
    • Recommended Action: Repair
  • Small Dents
    • Typical Cost Range: $150 - $500
    • Recommended Action: Repair
  • Structural Damage
    • Typical Cost Range: $800 - $2,000
    • Recommended Action: Replace
  • Safety System Affected
    • Typical Cost Range: $1,000+
    • Recommended Action: Replace

"Although bumpers can reduce the overall impact forces conveyed by a collision impact, they don't actually protect occupants as their prime purpose. Instead, the car's frame crumples in strategic areas to protect you and your passengers from injury. The bumpers serve to minimize the extent of the damage to your car's front or rear end." - Automotive Super Sports

Cost Factors to Keep in Mind

Labor costs vary widely depending on location. Urban areas tend to charge 20–30% more than rural areas. Additionally, aftermarket parts are often 20–50% cheaper than OEM parts, but they may compromise fit and quality.

When Replacement Is a Must

Certain situations call for immediate bumper replacement:

  • The support beam or mounting hooks are beyond repair.
  • Safety systems like parking sensors or airbag components are damaged.
  • The bumper is loose or at risk of falling off.
  • Structural integrity is compromised, reducing impact absorption.

A properly functioning bumper is essential for vehicle safety. While minor issues can often be fixed, replacing a bumper when its structure is compromised ensures your car remains safe and effective in future collisions. Up next, we’ll explore dent repair techniques to keep your vehicle looking sharp.

2. Dent Repair Methods

Dents come in all shapes and sizes, and fixing them requires the right approach. Modern repair techniques focus on restoring both the look and function of your vehicle without breaking the bank.

Paintless Dent Repair (PDR)

PDR is a popular method that uses specialized tools to carefully reshape the metal back to its original form - without affecting the factory paint. It's ideal for fixing issues like hail damage, door dings, minor bumper dents, shallow creases, and small panel dents.

Traditional Dent Repair

For more severe damage, traditional dent repair is the go-to solution. This method involves techniques like pounding out dents, grinding, and repainting. It's typically used when:

  • The metal is stretched or creased significantly
  • The paint has scratches or chips
  • The dent edges are sharp or jagged
  • The impact has caused structural issues

"PDR helps maintain the original paint by avoiding mismatched colors or visible signs left behind by sanding during conventional repairs. The original paint is an attractive proposition whether selling privately or trading in your vehicle at a dealership." - Maaco

Choosing the Right Method

Deciding on the best repair method depends on the specifics of the damage. Studies show that 80% to 90% of dents can be fixed using PDR techniques. A professional technician will assess factors like paint condition, metal stretching, dent location, and depth to recommend the best approach. While PDR is faster and more affordable for minor dents, traditional methods are still necessary for more extensive repairs.

Next, we’ll dive into frame and structure repairs, which are crucial for ensuring your vehicle's safety.

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3. Frame and Structure Repairs

Frame damage is one of the most critical issues following a collision, as it directly impacts your vehicle's safety and stability. The frame, or chassis, supports vital mechanical components and helps safeguard passengers during accidents.

Understanding Frame Damage

Frame damage happens when the forces from a collision alter the vehicle's structure. Common signs include:

  • The vehicle pulling to one side while driving
  • Strange vibrations or noises
  • Challenges with turning or handling

Types of Frame Construction

Modern vehicles are typically built using one of two frame designs:

  • Unibody
    • Description: Combines the body and frame into a single structure
    • Common Applications: Most passenger cars and SUVs
  • Body-on-Frame
    • Description: Separate chassis with body components mounted on top
    • Common Applications: Trucks and large SUVs

Knowing your vehicle's frame type helps determine the best repair method.

Professional Frame Straightening

Repairing a damaged frame requires specialized tools and expertise. This process uses hydraulic equipment to restore the frame to its original shape. Here's how it typically works:

  1. Digital Measurement
    Advanced systems detect misalignment and measure the extent of the damage.
  2. Strategic Chain Placement
    Chains are attached to specific points on the frame to evenly distribute force during the repair.
  3. Controlled Force Application
    Hydraulic tools apply precise pressure to reshape the frame, with constant monitoring to prevent additional stress.

"If the frame of your car is structurally unsound, then the vehicle cannot protect its occupants if another collision occurs." - Caliber.com

Cost Considerations

The cost of frame repairs can vary widely, depending on the extent of the damage. Typical prices range from $600 to $10,000.

Safety Implications

Properly aligned frames are essential for passenger safety. A damaged frame can compromise protection during accidents and may not meet safety standards.

When to Seek Professional Assessment

After any collision, no matter how minor, it’s crucial to have your vehicle inspected by a professional. Modern cars feature intricate structural designs and safety systems that require expert evaluation to ensure everything functions correctly. This initial assessment is key to restoring your vehicle's safety and appearance.

4. Paint and Body Work

Restoring your car's paint not only improves its appearance but also shields it from damage caused by external factors.

Color Matching Process

Modern techniques ensure precise color matching for paint restoration. Using tools like spectrophotometers, technicians analyze the car's paint and identify its exact color code.

  • Color Analysis
    • Purpose: Achieve precise color match
    • Tools Used: Spectrophotometer, Digital scanner
  • Surface Preparation
    • Purpose: Create a smooth base
    • Tools Used: Sanders, Chemical cleaners
  • Base Coat
    • Purpose: Apply color
    • Tools Used: Spray equipment, Paint booth
  • Clear Coat
    • Purpose: Add protection and shine
    • Tools Used: Clear coat sprayers

Professional Paint Application

  1. Surface Preparation: The car is carefully cleaned and degreased. Unpainted areas are masked, and surfaces are sanded to ensure a smooth base.
  2. Paint Application: Multiple thin layers of paint are applied in a temperature-controlled environment to achieve a flawless finish.
  3. Clear Coat Protection: A clear coat is added to enhance shine and provide UV protection.

Protection and Value

"Car paint isn't used just to make the car shine again, it plays an essential role in safeguarding it and making it last for years. The paint helps protect automobile components, prevent rust and maintain the car's resale value." - Badell's Collision

A quality paint job offers several benefits:

  • Shields against rust and corrosion
  • Protects from road debris and chemicals
  • Helps maintain or even boost resale value
  • Guards against harmful UV rays

Quality Control

The final inspection ensures the paintwork meets high standards. This involves:

  • Checking paint texture and consistency
  • Verifying color matching across panels
  • Inspecting clear coat application
  • Identifying and addressing imperfections or dust particles

These steps guarantee your vehicle is ready for its finishing touches, including any necessary auto glass services.

5. Auto Glass Services

Auto glass services are a key part of collision repair, addressing both safety and visibility. Damaged auto glass needs quick attention - windshields provide 45% structural support in frontal collisions and 60% during rollovers.

Why Proper Installation Matters

Correct windshield installation plays a critical role in:

  • Structural Support: Keeping the cabin intact during accidents
  • Airbag Deployment: Allowing airbags to function as intended
  • Passenger Safety: Reducing the risk of ejection in crashes
  • Clear Vision: Maintaining unobstructed sightlines for safe driving

How Professionals Handle Installation

  • Initial Assessment
    • Purpose: Check damage severity
    • Key Details: Inspect for ADAS sensors
  • Removing Old Glass
    • Purpose: Extract safely
    • Key Details: Protect surrounding paintwork
  • Surface Preparation
    • Purpose: Ensure strong bonding
    • Key Details: Clean and prep the mounting area
  • Installing New Glass
    • Purpose: Position accurately
    • Key Details: Use manufacturer-approved adhesives
  • Curing Time
    • Purpose: Allow proper setting
    • Key Details: Follow specified curing times
  • Quality Inspection
    • Purpose: Verify installation
    • Key Details: Check for leaks, alignment, and more

The Role of Advanced Technology

Many modern vehicles come with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), which often rely on cameras mounted behind the windshield. After replacing a windshield, recalibrating these systems is critical to ensure they function correctly. This makes precision in auto glass repairs just as important as in other types of collision repair.

"Proper automotive glass replacement is important to maintain the structural integrity and safety features of the vehicle." - Auto Glass Safety Council™

When to Replace Your Windshield

There are certain cases where repair isn’t enough, and replacement is necessary. These include:

  • Large Cracks: Damage longer than 18 inches
  • Complex Breaks: Multiple cracks creating a spiderweb effect
  • Driver’s View Obstruction: Cracks directly in the line of sight
  • Edge Cracks: Damage extending to the edges of the glass

Ensuring Quality After Installation

After the new glass is installed, technicians perform a thorough check to confirm everything is in order:

  • Confirm the glass is centered and flush with the vehicle’s body
  • Test for water or air leaks
  • Verify all sensors are working properly
  • Ensure visibility is clear from every angle

Next Steps After a Collision

After understanding common collision repairs, it's important to know what to do immediately after an accident and how to handle the repair process.

Immediate Actions at the Scene

Your safety comes first. If it's safe to do so, move your vehicle out of harm's way. If there's any danger or injuries, call emergency services right away.

Make sure to document the scene thoroughly:

  • Take photos of the damage and surroundings
  • Note the time, date, and location
  • Collect contact and insurance details from other drivers
  • Get witness statements and their contact information
  • Record road and weather conditions

Once you've handled these steps, the focus shifts to finding a reliable repair service.

Choosing a Qualified Repair Service

Finding the right repair shop is crucial. Look for one that prioritizes safety and high-quality work. Here are some key factors to guide your choice:

  • Certifications
    • Why It Matters: Confirms technical expertise
    • What to Look For: I-CAR Gold Class certification
  • Repair Standards
    • Why It Matters: Ensures proper methods are followed
    • What to Look For: Compliance with factory specifications
  • Warranty Coverage
    • Why It Matters: Protects your repair investment
    • What to Look For: Lifetime warranty on workmanship
  • Insurance Relations
    • Why It Matters: Simplifies the claims process
    • What to Look For: Direct partnerships with insurers

"Price is Not the Way to Choose a Shop...Improper repair methods can be very dangerous." - Collision Pros

Coordinating with Insurance

Once you've chosen a repair facility, work with your insurance provider to streamline the process. Remember, you have the right to select your repair shop.

Key steps include:

  • Filing your claim as soon as possible
  • Requesting a rental car if covered
  • Keeping records of all communications
  • Discussing the use of OEM (original equipment manufacturer) vs. aftermarket parts

Coordinating Repair Timelines

With nearly 2 million car collisions happening annually, repair shops can get busy. To avoid delays:

  • Stay in regular contact with the repair shop
  • Make decisions about repairs quickly
  • Schedule your repairs during less busy times
  • Keep an eye on parts availability

Documentation and Quality Assurance

Before you accept your vehicle after repairs, take these steps:

  • Carefully review all repair documents
  • Inspect the repairs for quality
  • Check that all systems are functioning properly
  • Keep warranty records for future reference

Working with certified professionals who follow factory-specified repair methods is essential to ensure your vehicle is both safe and performs well.

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